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es:country-profiles:guide [2019/05/03 13:37] – [Licensing Fees] Spanish translation otd_wiki | es:country-profiles:guide [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1 | ||
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- | ====== Nombre del país ====== | ||
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- | Este documento pretende ser una guía y una plantilla para los perfiles de países. | ||
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- | La página está organizada de acuerdo con las categorías que se esperan dentro de cada perfil de país. | ||
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- | El wiki también está diseñado para capturar parte de la información como campos en una base de datos que permitirá algunos análisis comparativos entre países. Estos campos se introducen debajo del wiki en los campos del formulario y se muestran en la página del wiki como una variable. Los elementos resaltados como <btn size=" | ||
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- | <callout type=" | ||
- | </ | ||
- | <callout type=" | ||
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- | ^ ^ Nombre | ||
- | | **Regulador** | ||
- | | **Ministerio** | ||
- | | **Servicio universal** | ||
- | | **Agencia de Espectro** | ||
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- | ===== Política nacional===== | ||
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- | En cada país existen diferentes conjuntos de políticas que enmarcan y orientan al sector de las telecomunicaciones, | ||
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- | En algunos países, estas disposiciones podrían estar incluidas en la constitución del país, por lo que vale la pena revisar los artículos relativos a los derechos especiales de los pueblos indígenas y otras poblaciones históricamente desfavorecidas. | ||
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- | En la mayoría de los países, el sector de las telecomunicaciones está enmarcado en una Ley de Comunicaciones, | ||
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- | Por último, la mayoría de los gobiernos establecen en los planes nacionales los objetivos de rendimiento que desean alcanzar en el sector. La mayoría de los países tienen un plan de banda ancha, que vale la pena revisar para entender el papel que los gobiernos esperan de estos pequeños operadores. Además, algunas veces se hace referencia a ellos o al futuro que vislumbran para las comunidades rurales y marginadas en los Planes Nacionales de Desarrollo más amplios. | ||
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- | En esta sección, usted debe proporcionar enlaces a las políticas, leyes o incluso elementos clave de la constitución que pueden ser relevantes para las redes comunitarias y los operadores a pequeña escala que intentan atender a las personas que no reciben servicios. | ||
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- | Esto puede incluir estrategias/ | ||
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- | <callout type=" | ||
- | * ¿Hay alguna mención a los derechos de los pueblos indígenas con respecto a la soberanía sobre sus tierras y/o el uso de otros recursos naturales (por ejemplo, el espectro)? | ||
- | * ¿Qué mecanismos ha implementado su Administración para la prestación de servicios de telecomunicaciones/ | ||
- | * ¿Ha mostrado su país algún progreso o ha tomado alguna medida en la instrumentación de la regulación para integrar a operadores pequeños o sin fines de lucro con el fin de proporcionar conectividad de banda ancha a los usuarios en áreas rurales y remotas? En caso afirmativo, sírvase describir el caso e indicar las fuentes de información adicional. (UIT-D 19) | ||
- | * ¿Tiene su país planes para implementar alguna de estas medidas? En caso afirmativo, sírvase describir el caso e indicar las fuentes de información adicional. (UIT-D 19) | ||
- | * ¿Ha considerado o implementado su país medidas regulatorias para permitir a los pequeños operadores, sin fines de lucro o comunitarios, | ||
- | * ¿Ha publicado su país algún estudio o información estadística sobre operadores comunitarios pequeños y sin fines de lucro en zonas rurales y remotas? (UIT-D 19) | ||
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- | </ | ||
- | ===== Licencias de Operador ===== | ||
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- | Las leyes y regulaciones varían de un país a otro en términos de qué tipo de licencia se requiere o no para operar una red de comunicaciones. Esto puede variar desde ningún requisito de licencia hasta un rango de diferentes tipos de licencias. | ||
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- | Esta tendencia se conoce como régimen unificado de concesión de licencias y, si bien el fin último de la concesión de licencias unificadas podría ser un único tipo de licencia, la formulación más común de la concesión de licencias unificadas es tener una licencia para la infraestructura (los activos físicos, por ejemplo, cables, estaciones de base, enrutadores, | ||
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- | La nueva tecnología ha desdibujado los límites de algunas de estas licencias. Los equipos WiFi baratos son técnicamente " | ||
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- | Otro criterio clave para la concesión de licencias se refiere a si el operador está prestando servicios comerciales a un tercero. | ||
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- | La licencia también puede desglosarse en función del volumen de negocios generado por la organización. | ||
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- | Otro tipo de organización es aquella que posee una infraestructura de comunicaciones pero que no la explota. | ||
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- | Las licencias anteriores pueden ser todas de alcance nacional o pueden tener tanto una versión nacional como una subregional. | ||
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- | Por último, puede haber exenciones de licencia disponibles para cualquiera de las categorías anteriores basadas en criterios específicos, | ||
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- | ==== Requisitos técnicos y administrativos ==== | ||
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- | Los requisitos técnicos y administrativos para las licencias varían de un país a otro, pero normalmente los requisitos pueden incluir alguna combinación de: | ||
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- | * prueba de constitución en el país | ||
- | * prueba del domicilio social y de la dirección permanente | ||
- | * datos de accionistas y directores | ||
- | * prueba de propiedad/ | ||
- | * prueba de cumplimiento tributario | ||
- | * diseño de redes | ||
- | * modelo de negocio | ||
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- | Las diferentes licencias pueden tener diferentes tipos de requisitos. | ||
- | ==== Tasas de licencia ==== | ||
- | Una tabla es a menudo útil para desglosar las tasas asociadas a los diferentes tipos de licencias. | ||
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- | {{: | ||
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- | ou [[https:// | ||
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- | {{: | ||
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- | <callout type=" | ||
- | * ¿Ha considerado su Administración mecanismos específicos de concesión de licencias que faciliten el despliegue de servicios de banda ancha en zonas rurales y remotas? (UIT-D 19) | ||
- | * ¿Tiene su país licencias para atender áreas específicamente desatendidas, | ||
- | * ¿Existe una licencia específica para la prestación de servicios en zonas remotas o desatendidas en su país? (UIT-D 19) | ||
- | * ¿Qué tipo de licencias de operador existen? | ||
- | * ¿Existen licencias para pequeños operadores? | ||
- | * ¿Los ISPs tienen licencias específicas? | ||
- | * ¿Qué tipo de organizaciones califican para la exención de licencia? | ||
- | </ | ||
- | ===== Access to Spectrum ===== | ||
- | The electromagnetic spectrum is the medium used by wireless technologies to transmit and receive information. Different parts of this spectrum are defined to be used for specific purposes. This decisions are made at the World Radio Conference (WRC) which is organised by ITU-R and which happens every four years. The outcome of the WRC is the ITU Radio Regulations which is a binding international treaty governing the use of the radio spectrum. | ||
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- | (Maybe something about regions?) | ||
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- | Governments incorporate those regulations into their National Frequency Allocation Tables or National Frequency Plans, which is the first document to consult in order to understand which services can be used in each band. In most cases, for each band governments include both the reference to the Radio Regulation which describe the specific of this band, as well as the National Regulation describing the details of the use of that band in the country. | ||
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- | (Maybe an example of this?) | ||
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- | In addition, for most of the spectrum governments assign the use of an entire band or blocks of it to particular organizations. This assignment can be of national, regional, or even smaller scope (for a given are or a point to point link), and tend to be for a particular period of time. There also different ways of assigning parts of the spectrum. This can be done via auctions, where the best bidder wins; reservation, | ||
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- | There are bands which are not assigned to a particular organization for a period of time, and access to them is more adhoc, with organizations interested in using it organized themselves via technological means, or otherwise. There are two main ways in which this takes place and we go into them in more details below, referring to them as License-exempt and Secondary Use, respectively. | ||
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- | In all cases above, the spectrum can be used for two very distinctive purposes, regardless of the mechanism used to access it: access and transport. The first one refers to the use of the spectrum for users or end devices to communicate; | ||
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- | ==== Technical and Administrative Requirements ==== | ||
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- | The technical and administrative requirements for each modality of accessing spectrum (licensed spectrum, license-exempt spectrum, and secondary use) as well as for each of the uses it can have (access and transport) will vary and should be included in detail below. As a departing point, this section should include a reference to the most up to date National Frequency Allocation Tables or National Frequency Plans (they get renewed almost every year in most countries). | ||
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- | === Licensed === | ||
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- | Something about interference here... and the need to regulate! | ||
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- | == Access Networks == | ||
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- | Most of the licensed spectrum that is available for access it is used for mobile telephony and data, and tends to be referred to as International Mobile Telephony (IMT) bands. | ||
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- | The main reason to understand how access to IMT spectrum takes place in your country is because we acknowledge that the best way for universal access to occur is for communities to operate this spectrum where available. | ||
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- | In some cases a band is not fully allocated and we could convince the government to create set-asides for social use. Other times the band is fully assigned to operators but unused in given areas (normally rural and sparsely populated ones). In yet other cases, the band has not been yet assigned which allows for engagement with the authorities for set-asides earlier on. The aim for this section is to provide a view on the possibilities available in that regard. | ||
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- | For some countries, we have been collecting some of this information, | ||
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- | ^ **Issues** | ||
- | | Band assigned? | ||
- | | Assignment method | ||
- | | Fully assigned | ||
- | | Primary use by CN? | | ||
- | | Secondary use by CN? | | ||
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- | Rows in the table: | ||
- | * Has this band being assigned in your country?: Yes/No | ||
- | * Method of assignment?: | ||
- | * Is there spectrum yet to be assigned is this band: Yes / No / D.N.A. | ||
- | * Are there reports of spectrum assigned but not used in an area? Yes / No / D.N.A. | ||
- | * Can it be used by community networks and small operators? Yes / No / D.N.A. | ||
- | * Indicate the community networks and small operators using them? Org name / D.N.A | ||
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- | [For each of the answers where the answer is yes, please provide a link] | ||
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- | [In the case there are community networks using it, please describe the process followed to do so by others] | ||
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- | [There are different mechanisms to “provide evidence” to answer question 4, if you have the knowledge that this is the case. One is by checking the maps provided by the operators, another one is by reports that you may find in the news. You can also conduct spectrum measurements yourself (a description on how to do this to follow)] | ||
- | Once this spectrum is assigned to one organization, | ||
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- | (I can share the ones from Vodacom, MTN, Cell, other in SA for 900 MHz and 1800MHz) | ||
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- | == PtP Networks == | ||
- | In most scenarios the use of ISM bands for broadband transport links is sufficient and has all the advantages related to it: license exempt spectrum, highly available low-cost gear, etc. However, there might be places, specially in links going through nodes in crowded highsites, where the use of those bands may be good alternative. | ||
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- | The band considered below, 7GHz and 11 GHz are the most common ones and it below we would like to determine the requirements to using them. | ||
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- | ^ **Issues** | ||
- | | Band assigned? | ||
- | | Assignment method | ||
- | | Fully assigned | ||
- | | Primary use by CN? | | ||
- | | Secondary use by CN? | | ||
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- | Rows in the table: | ||
- | * Has this band being assigned in your country?: Yes/No | ||
- | * Method of assignment?: | ||
- | * Is there spectrum yet to be assigned is this band: Yes / No / D.N.A. | ||
- | * Are there reports of spectrum assigned but not used in an area? Yes / No / D.N.A. | ||
- | * Can it be used by community networks and small operators? Yes / No / D.N.A. | ||
- | * Indicate the community networks and small operators using them? Org name / D.N.A | ||
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- | [For each of the answers where the answer is yes, please provide a link] | ||
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- | Once this spectrum is assigned to one organization, | ||
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- | === License-Exempt === | ||
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- | == Access Networks == | ||
- | ^ **Frequency** | ||
- | | // | ||
- | | 902 – 928 MHz | '' | ||
- | | // | ||
- | | 2400 – 2483.5 MHz | '' | ||
- | | // | ||
- | | 5150-5250 MHz | '' | ||
- | | 5250-5350 MHz | '' | ||
- | | 5470-5725 MHz | '' | ||
- | | 5725-5800 MHz | '' | ||
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- | == PtP Networks == | ||
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- | ^ **Frequency** | ||
- | | // | ||
- | | 2400 – 2483.5 MHz | '' | ||
- | | // | ||
- | | 5150-5250 MHz | '' | ||
- | | 5250-5350 MHz | '' | ||
- | | 5470-5725 MHz | '' | ||
- | | 5725-5800 MHz | '' | ||
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- | * Point to rules for license-exempt spectrum use? | ||
- | * Is registration required for WiFi? | ||
- | * What is the process for homologation / type approval? | ||
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- | // Agree with 1 and 3, as they apply to all license-exempt bands, not only WiFi, anything on WiFi, would have to go under WiFi. // | ||
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- | // Then I would add a subcategory for WiFi /ISM Bands and potentially two tables one for access and one for backhaul, so they don't get too crowded. Some bands within wiFi may only be " | ||
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- | // In the table I would allow for EIRP, but also for TxPower, and also for some explanations... like increase your Gain by X everytime you reduce your TxPower by Y // | ||
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- | I wonder what do we do with 900 MHz, for instance. | ||
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- | // Maybe add a subcategory for potential articles or discussions on the expansion of this band? // | ||
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- | // Maybe add a subcategory on examples in this band (Cns, small operators, and the like) // | ||
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- | // If we refer to bands, I would call this section mmBand? and would only focus on the license-exempt component of them (in the case of SA there are some, maybe we can use the ones in the Spectrum paper that we have identified to be exempted elsewhere (24.05 – 24.25 GHz, 57 -64 GHz, 64 - 71 GHz, 71 – 76 GHz, 81-86 GHz), I would move 11GHz to licensed... | ||
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- | Frequencies for microwave links outside of 2.4GHz and 5GHz | ||
- | 11GHz 24GHz 60GHz and other | ||
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- | === Secondary Use === | ||
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- | == Access Networks == | ||
- | == PtP Networks == | ||
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- | * Information on TVWS or other dynamic spectrum pilots. | ||
- | * Pending rules for TVWS | ||
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- | ==== Spectrum Fees / Costs ==== | ||
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- | === Application === | ||
- | === Annual === | ||
- | === Auction === | ||
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- | <callout type=" | ||
- | * [[https:// | ||
- | * [[https:// | ||
- | </ | ||
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- | // similar to the above I will add subcategory of news items points to a potential change as well as potential examples using this band. // | ||
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- | // As with the licensing, I would add here another subgatery about compliance and other costs... | ||
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- | For instance, it is here were I would use the USOs. The more I think about it, the more I think that license | ||
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- | But also the taxes on the benefits of using the spectrum, which was a big thing in the last court case won by Rhizomatica, | ||
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- | Both here and in the Fees above, we can explore whether a given Administration offer incentives that include lower rates of payment for the use of spectrum when it is to be used in isolated and underserved areas? | ||
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- | ===== Backhaul ===== | ||
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- | Backhaul refers to the source of connectivity for a network. | ||
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- | Increasing demand from internet users for access to streaming media content can dramatically increase the backhaul requirements for a community network or small-scale operator. | ||
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- | Accordingly, | ||
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- | Fibre optic infrastructure is not the only option for backhaul. | ||
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- | In this section of the profile you will also be looking for policies and regulations related to backhaul infrastructure. | ||
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- | Finally, public information on backhaul pricing is [[good-practice: | ||
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- | <callout type=" | ||
- | * [[https:// | ||
- | * [[http:// | ||
- | * [[http:// | ||
- | </ | ||
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- | ===== Gender ===== | ||
- | Internet access is an effect magnifier that can amplify access to education, markets for business, and strengthen and increase social connection. | ||
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- | Some places to start with this include looking for gender-disaggregated national statistics on communication network access as well as any research into gender and ICTs in your country. | ||
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- | It is also worth looking directly at the communication regulator. | ||
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- | * number of men in senior management at regulator | ||
- | * number of women in senior management at regulator '' | ||
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- | <callout type=" | ||
- | * [[https:// | ||
- | * [[https:// | ||
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- | </ | ||
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- | ===== Universal Service ===== | ||
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- | Universal Service in telecommunications refers to the policy of providing some level of service to all citizens. | ||
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- | Another way in which universal service policies may manifest themselves is in coverage obligations attached to operator licenses, often to spectrum licenses purchased at auction. You may wish to list them here or in the spectrum licensing section and provide a link/ | ||
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- | In this part of the profile, you should point to national universal service policies and obligations. | ||
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- | Does your Country offer support for local entrepreneurs that are implementing sustainable business models for the development of rural communications, | ||
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- | <callout type=" | ||
- | * [[http:// | ||
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- | </ | ||
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- | ===== Cooperatives ===== | ||
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- | The [[https:// | ||
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- | <callout type=" | ||
- | * [[http:// | ||
- | * [[https:// | ||
- | * [[http:// | ||
- | </ | ||
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- | ===== Resources / References ===== | ||
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- | This last section is optional and can be used to point to additional national resources or information that is relevant to community networks and/or small-scale operators that is not captured in the above categories. | ||
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- | ---- | ||
- | == Coding examples == | ||
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- | Within the wiki you can use this special formatting comments to highlight particularly important information, | ||
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- | <callout type=" | ||
- | <callout type=" | ||
- | <callout type=" | ||
- | <callout type=" | ||